7 Major Differences Between Adult and Juvenile Criminal Cases in Arizona
Welcome to Tamou Law Group PLLC’s latest blog, where we explore the nuanced landscape of criminal justice in Arizona, particularly focusing on the distinctions between juvenile and adult criminal cases. Understanding these differences is crucial for anyone navigating the legal system, whether as a defendant, a family member, or a legal professional. Here, we outline seven key distinctions under Arizona law and explain their implications.
1. Legal Definitions and Age Thresholds
In Arizona, a juvenile is defined as an individual under the age of 18. The juvenile justice system governs individuals who commit criminal acts before reaching this age. Adults, on the other hand, are those 18 and older and are tried in adult courts. The distinction is based on the premise that juveniles are less mature and more amenable to rehabilitation than adults.
2. Court Procedures and Systems
Juvenile cases are handled by the Juvenile Court system, which is separate from the adult criminal court system. The juvenile court focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment. Proceedings are typically less formal, and records are generally sealed, allowing juveniles a chance to correct their paths without the burden of a public criminal record. Adults face a more formal procedure with public trials and permanent records.
3. Sentencing and Rehabilitation Focus
Under Arizona statutes, juveniles are subject to a range of treatment and rehabilitation programs instead of traditional incarceration. Programs may include community service, counseling, and placement in juvenile detention facilities designed to provide education and rehabilitative services. In contrast, adult sentencing can lead to imprisonment in county jails or state prisons, with a primary focus on punishment.
4. Privacy in Proceedings
Juvenile proceedings are typically closed to the public to protect the privacy of the minor and encourage more honest discussion about rehabilitation. Adult criminal trials are generally open, ensuring transparency and upholding the principle of a public trial as protected under the Sixth Amendment.
5. Rights to a Jury Trial
One significant legal difference is the right to a jury trial. In adult criminal cases, the defendant has a constitutional right to a trial by jury. However, in the juvenile system, cases are decided by a judge, reflecting the system’s focus on welfare and rehabilitation over adjudication.
6. Expungement of Records
Juveniles have greater opportunities for expungement of their criminal records once they reach adulthood, assuming they meet certain conditions, such as avoiding further legal trouble and demonstrating rehabilitation. This possibility is crucial for allowing them to pursue education and employment without the shadow of past misdemeanors or felonies. Adults, however, have more stringent criteria for expungement, and many crimes remain on permanent record.
7. Legal Terminology
Even the language used in juvenile and adult courts differs. Juveniles are “adjudicated delinquent” rather than “convicted” of crimes, and the term “sentencing” is often replaced with “dispositions” or “interventions.” These terminological distinctions emphasize the rehabilitative rather than punitive aim of the juvenile justice system.
Arizona Statutes Governing Juvenile and Adult Criminal Justice
Several statutes govern how juvenile and adult criminal cases are treated in Arizona. These include:
- Arizona Revised Statutes (ARS) §8-201: Outlines the definitions and goals of the juvenile court system.
- ARS §13-501: Specifies that juveniles aged 15, 16, or 17 accused of serious offenses like murder, armed robbery, or sexual assault may be tried as adults.
- ARS §8-341: Details the sealing and expungement of juvenile records.
For anyone dealing with a criminal case in Arizona, understanding these differences is crucial. At Tamou Law Group PLLC, we practice in navigating both juvenile and adult criminal justice systems and can offer experienced guidance and representation. Protecting your rights or the rights of your loved ones is our top priority.
For further information or to discuss a specific case, do not hesitate to contact us at 623-321-4699. We are here to help guide you through this challenging time with experience and compassion.
